英语翻译A recent global water supply and sanitation assessment r

英语翻译
A recent global water supply and sanitation assessment reports that the percentage of people served with some form of improved water supply rose from 79% (4.1 billion) in 1990 to 82% (4.9billion) in 2000.For sanitation purposes an increase from 55% (2.9 billion people served) to 60% (3.6 billion) was registered during the same period.At the beginning of 2000 one-sixth (1.1 billion people) of the world's population was without access to improved water supply and two-fifths (2.4 billion people) lacked access to improved sanitation [1].At the Second World Water Forum,The Hague,17~22 March 2000,targets were presented in the report VISION 21 where the aim was by 2015 to reduce by half the proportion of people without access to sanitation and access to adequate quantities of affordable and safe water,and by 2025 to provide water,sanitation,and hygiene for all [1].To achieve chese targets this means providing water supply services to 280,000 people and sanitation facilities to 384,000 people every day for the next 15 years.To reach universal coverage by the year 2025,almost 3 billion people will need to be served with water supply and more than 4 billion with sanitation.The water supply and sanitation sector will face enormous challenges over the coming decades where the water industry will need to meet the fast growing needs in a global perspective.With this perspective,the global water marked has been estimated at a total value of around 224 billion with an anticipated annual growth of around 16%~20% depending on the market segment.Drinking water production is stipulated to have the largest growth with a doubling of the market value in the period 2000~2015.The market for wastewater treatment is the largest sector with an anticipated growth of around 43% for the same period.
Membrane separation technologies have been identified as one of the possible solutions to meet the future demands with regard to water supply and sanitation.Recent studies have stipulated a yearly increase of 7.8% in the demand for membrane materials with a total value of membrane systems (including equipment such as pumps and piping) reaching USD 4.8 billion in 2004.Water and wastewater treatment hasbeen identified as the largest end use for membrane materials,where they will continue to dominate.Implementation and expansion in consumer applications combined with replacement sales to municipal and industrial customers are suggested as the main reasons for this.Cross-flow membrane systems are expected to grow from 4.8 billion in 2004 to 6.5 billion in 2007 on a global basis where desalination has been reported to represent about 1/3 of this growth.The fastest growing segment,however,has been predicted to be the development of membrane bioreactor systems for wastewater treatment with a yearly growth estimated at 15%.

最近的一份全球供水系统及卫生设备评估报告指出：全球用上经改良过的供水系统的人口比例从1990年的79%（约为41亿人）上升到2000年的82%（约为49亿人）,同一时期内,装有卫生设备的人口比例也从55%（约29亿人）上升到60%（约36亿人）.2000年初,全球还有六分之一的人口（约11亿人）无法用上经改良过的供水系统,同时有五分之二的人口（约24亿人）无法享用卫生设备.在2000年3月17日至22日于海牙举行的第二届世界水资源论坛上达成的21世纪展望报告中指出：目标在2015年里将无法享用卫生设备和无法担负及享用足够的清洁供水的人口比例减半,在2025年里全球人口都享用上清洁供水、卫生设备及卫生保健.若要实现上述这些目标,则意味着在接下来的15年内,每天要为28万人提供清洁饮水及为38.4万人提供卫生设备.要实现在2025年覆盖全球的目标,则需要每年为将近3亿的人口提供清洁用水和为将近4亿的人口提供卫生设备.在接下来的日子里,清洁用水和卫生设备的供应将面临着许多挑战.供水产业将需要满足全球不断增长的水资源需求.据此而得,全球水资源市场的总体价值被估计为约2240亿美元,并估计每年以16%至20%的速度增长,决定于当时的市场状况.饮用水生产市场发展最快,在2000年至2025年内其市场价值将会翻倍.污水处理市场所占份额最大,预计同期增长速度约为43%.
薄膜分离技术已被确认为满足未来水供应和卫生设备需求的有效解决办法之一.最近的研究表明,2004年对薄膜材料的需求增长为7.8%,薄膜系统（包括泵压和管道等设备）的总需求价值高达48亿美元.水处理系统和污水处理系统被认为是薄膜材料的最大终端使用者,并且薄膜材料将继续在其中占主导地位.其主要原因在于大众消费者开始对薄膜材料的使用及使用的不断扩大,并将逐步取代官方或工业消费者成为销售收入的主要来源.交叉流通的薄膜系统的全球市场价值期望将会2004年的48亿美元上升到2009年的65亿美元,其中有三分之一的增长要归功于海水淡化技术的发展.然而,增长最快的技术被认为是用于污水处理的薄膜生物反应器系统,其年增长率估计为15%.