英语翻译That leaves coal,China’s most important and abundant fue

英语翻译
That leaves coal,China’s most important and abundant fuel.Because of its dominance,and because of known deficiencies in coal figures,the story of uncertainty in China’s energy statistics is really a story of coal.While recent official statistics show a surge in coal production and use,these need to be viewed with a critical eye,and,at the very least,compared to major indicators that are correlated.Recent annual and monthly statistics on economic growth,output of industrial goods,investment,and prices,as discussed in the following sections,display trends that are generally consistent with the trends in coal,providing support for the position that the direction,if not necessarily the exact extent,of the reported trends in energy use are credible.
There are two main types of market for coal.The first brings together large state-owned mines,the biggest of which produce several million tons of product each year,with large,often state-owned consumers,such as power plants and iron and steel smelters.This coal is typically sold through long-term contracts,and transported long distances.The other coal market is local,bringing together small mines,some producing a few hundred tons of coal or less annually,and small industrial,residential,and commercial consumers.The large-scale market bears some resemblance to markets for oil products,with volumes of production,trade and consumption easily tracked.As is the case with oil,stockpile figures are not available regularly.The small-scale market,on the other hand,is poorly characterized,and there is much less certainty regarding the amounts involved.Non-state,generally small mines currently produce about 30% of total coal output (Interfax,2002).The inaccuracy in the data on local coal markets has been compounded by the government’s campaign to close down small,unsafe coal mines,begun in 1997.Officialreports claim that tens of thousands of small mines have been closed down,and this campaign was accompanied by a huge drop in reported coal production,and a somewhat lesser fall in coal consumption in the late 1990s.There is considerable evidence,however,that actual coal output and use did not fall as much as official statistics suggest (Sinton,2001).Consequently the more recent very rapid growth in coal output represents not just actual growth (which is corroborated by trends in economic and investment indicators,as described below),but also,it is to be hoped,a return to more credible reporting.reports claim that tens of thousands of small mines have been closed down,and this campaign was accompanied by a huge drop in reported coal production,and a somewhat lesser fall in coal consumption in the late 1990s.There is considerable evidence,however,that actual coal output and use did not fall as much as official statistics suggest (Sinton,2001).
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……于是煤就成为中国最重要、最丰富的燃料.由于煤所占的主导地位,同时也由于在煤炭统计数据方面众所周知的不足,因此关于中国能源统计数据可靠性的话题实际上就是关于煤的话题.虽然最近的官方统计显示煤的产量和用量猛增,但我们应该用审视的眼光去看待这些数据,而且起码还要参考其它相关的主要指标.在下面的章节中将要讨论经济增长、工业品产量、投资、物价等问题,关于这方面的年度、月度近期统计数据所显示的趋势与煤炭发展的趋势基本一致,从而为下述观点提供了支持,即目前所报道的能源使用趋势,即使不是在实际程度上,起码在发展方向上是可信的.
煤炭市场主要有两类,第一类汇集了大型国有煤矿,其中最大的煤矿年产量可达数百万吨,用户通常是大型国有企业,如发电厂、钢铁厂等.此类市场的煤炭一般都通过长期合同销售,而且要经过长途运输.另一类市场是本地市场,它汇集了小型煤矿,有的煤矿年产量才几百吨或更少.用户主要是小型工业企业、居民和商业企业.
大型市场与油品市场有些相似,产量、交易量和消费量很容易监控.但油料没有定期的库存数据.而小型市场特征不明显,有关数量方面存在很大的不确定性.民营煤矿（通常是小煤矿）目前约占全部煤产量的30%（国际文传电讯社 2002）.当地煤炭市场数据本来就不准确,政府从1997年以来开展的关闭不安全的小型煤矿的行动进一步影响了统计数据的准确性.官方的报告说已经关闭了数以万计的小煤矿,与此相对应的是所报道的90年代煤炭产量的急剧下降和煤炭消费量的减少.但有相当多的证据表明,实际上煤炭产量和消费量的下降幅度并不像官方统计(国际能源署 2001)的那样大.因此最近煤炭产量的迅速增长不仅仅反映了实际增长情况（这可以被经济和投资指标趋势所证实,详见下面的论述）,希望还能反映出统计数据真实性的回归.