英语翻译To stimulate creative thought,the following rules are su

英语翻译
To stimulate creative thought,the following rules are suggest for the designer.
1、Apply ingenuity to utilize physical properties and to control undesired ones.
The performance requirements of a machine are met by utilizing laws of nature or properties of matter (e.g.flexibility ,strength,gravity,inertia,buoyancy,centrifugal force,principles of the lever and inclined plane,friction,viscosity,fluid pressure,and thermal expansion ),also the many electrical,optical,thermal,and chemical phenomena.However,what may be useful in one the valve camshaft; friction is desired at the clutch face but not in the clutch bearing .Ingenuity in design should be applied to utilize and control the physical properties that the desired and to minimize those that are not desired.
2、Provide for favorable stress distribute and stiffness with minimum weight.On components subjected to fluctuating stress,particular attention is given to a reduction in stress concentration,and to an increase of strength at fills,threads,holes,and fits.Stress reduction is made by modification in shape,and strengthening may be done by prestressing treatment such as surface rolling and shallow hardening.Hollow shafts and tubing,and box sections give a favorable stress distribution,together with stiffness and minimum weight.Sufficient stiffness to maintain alignment and uniform pressure between contacting surfaces should be provided for crank,cam and gear shafts,and for enclosures and frames containing bearing supports.The stiffness of shafts and other components must be suitable to avoid resonant vibrations.
3、Use basic equations to calculate and optimize dimensions.The fundamental equations of mechanics and the other sciences are the accepted bases for calculations.They are sometimes rearranged in special forms to facilitate the determination or optimization of dimensions,such as the beam and surface stress equations for determining geartooth size.Factors may be added to a fundamental equation for conditions not analytically determinable,e.g.on thin steel tubes ,and allowance for corrosion not analytically thickness based on pressure.When it is necessary to apply a fundamental equation to shapes,materials,or condition which only approximate the assumptions for its derivation,it is done in a manner which gives results “on the safe side” .In situation where data is incomplete,equation of the sciences may be used as proportioning guides to extend a satisfactory design to new capacities.

为了刺激创造性思维,下面的规则是建议的设计师.
1 ,申请的聪明才智,利用物理特性和控制不受欢迎的.
的性能要求一台机器是由利用法律的性质或特性的问题（如弹性,强度,重力,惯性,浮力,离心力,原则的杠杆和斜面,摩擦,粘度,流体压力和热膨胀） ,也是许多电,光,热,化学现象.然而,可能是有益的一个阀门凸轮轴;摩擦是理想的离合器面对而不是在离合器轴承.创造性的设计应适用于利用和控制的物理性质,理想,并尽量减少那些不想要的.
2 ,提供的良好的应力分布和刚度与最小重量.在部分受到波动的压力,尤其注意减少应力集中,并增加了强度填满,线,杆,并符合.减少应力所作的修改形状,并加强可进行预应力处理,如表面轧制和浅硬化.空心轴和油管,以及中科提供良好的应力分布,连同刚度和最小重量.足够的刚度保持一致和统一的压力,接触面之间应提供曲轴,凸轮轴和齿轮轴,以及外壳和框架包含轴承支持.的刚度轴和其他组件必须适当,以避免共振振动.
3 ,使用基本方程计算和优化方面.基本方程的力学和其他科学是接受的基础计算.他们有时是重新在特殊形式,以促进决心或优化的层面,如梁表面应力公式确定geartooth大小.因素可能会增加一项基本方程的条件不分析确定的,即湾薄钢管和津贴,不腐蚀厚度分析的基础上的压力.当有必要适用的一项基本方程的形状,材料,或条件而只能近似的假设及其衍生物,这是在做的方式,让成果“关于安全方面.”情况下,在数据是不完整的,方程科学可能会被用来作为配料指南,以延长一个令人满意的设计,新的能力.