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英文单词死dead death died的区别和用法区别,还有什么是及物动词和不及物动词以及怎么用

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英文单词死dead death died的区别和用法区别,还有什么是及物动词和不及物动词以及怎么用
英文单词死dead death died的区别和用法区别,还有什么是及物动词和不及物动词以及怎么用
dead
dead
[dZd; dєd]
《die,death 的形容词》
形容词
(无比较级、最高级)
1 a. 死的,已死的 !
(
←→ alive,living)
a ~ body [man]
尸体 [死人]
shoot a person ~
把人射杀
He has been ~ for two years.
他已死了两年
D~ men tell no tales. (
谚)死人不会说故事; 死无对证 (杀人灭口,最无泄漏秘密之虞)
b. 枯萎的
~ leaves
枯叶
~ flowers
枯萎的花
2 无生命的
~ matter
无机物
3 a. 无[失去]感觉的,麻木的
~ fingers
失去感觉的手指
in a ~ faint
处于昏迷状态中,不省人事地
feel ~ 感到麻木,冻僵了
b. [对…]无感觉的,麻木的[to]
He is ~ to reason.
他对理性麻木
(对他讲道理是讲不通的)
He is ~ to pity.
他没有怜悯之心; 他麻木不仁
4 a. (死一般) 不动的,寂静的
the ~ hours (of the night)
夜深人静时,深夜
a ~ sleep
沉睡
The village was ~ after sunset.
日落后那村庄一片寂静
b. 静止的
The wind fell ~.
风静止了
c. (口语) (如死般) 疲惫不堪的,精疲力竭的
I'm quite ~.
我十分疲惫
5 a. 无生气 [力气,活力] 的
His prose is ~.
他的散文不生动
The party was completely ~.
那次聚会死气沉沉 [全无生气]
b. 不活泼的,不活络的
a ~ season (
社交、生意等的) 淡季,不景气
a ~ market
冷清 [不景气] 的市场
c. 钝浊的; 不鲜明的,阴沈的;
暗淡的
the ~ sound of a broken bell
破钟的钝浊声
6 a. 失去效力的
a ~ law
已废的法律
(cf. dead letter 1)
b. 已废的,不使用的
~ customs
已废除的习俗
a ~ language
死的语言,死文字
(古希腊文、拉丁文等)
a ~ mine
废矿坑
c. 熄灭的,熄了火的,点不著的
a ~ match
点不著的火柴
~ coals
熄了火的煤炭
d. 死的,不活动的
a ~ volcano
死火山
e.走了味的
~ beer
走味的啤酒
f. 没电的; 中断的,不通的
a ~ battery
没电 [电用完] 的电池
The phone went ~.
电话断了 [不通了]
7 a. 没用的,不生产的,滞销的
~ capital
未加利用 [闲著] 的资金
~ soil
贫瘠的土壤
b. 形式上的, (精神上) 无意义的
~ formalities
虚礼
8 没有出入口的; (前面) 不通的,堵死的
a ~ wall
没有出入口 [没有门窗] 的墙壁
→ dead end.
9
a. 完全的,全然的
a ~ loss
全部损失
(a) ~ silence
完全沉默,一片寂静
on a ~ level
完全平坦地,水平地
in a ~ line
一直线地
come to a ~ stop
完全停止 [停顿]
in ~ earnest
一本正经地
b. 必然的,确实的,准确的
a ~ certainty
绝对确实
→ dead shot.
10‘运动’
a. 比赛暂停的
(
←→ live)
a ~ ball
死球
b. 没有弹性的
c. 不适于球滚动的
d. (打高尔夫时) 离洞口很近的
11 电流没有通过的
(
←→ live)
a ~ circuit
空路,无电电路
(as) dead as mutton [a doornail, a herring]
死定的; 完蛋的; 完全不活泼的
beat [flog] a dead horse → horse
dead and buried
(1) 已埋葬的,死了的
(2)已结束的
dead and gone[`d[d\x16`g)n; 'dedn'\x18)n]
(早已) 死了
dead from the neck up
(口语)脑袋空空的,愚笨的
dead to the world
(口语)对世事不闻不问的; 熟睡的,昏睡的; 意识不清楚的
make a dead set at → dead set 1
over my dead body
(口语)在自己未死前 [无论怎么说] 绝对不准…
wouldn't be seen dead
(口语)死也不愿意 (…) ,绝对不要做 (…)
I wouldn't be seen ~ wearing [in] jeans.
我绝对不穿牛仔裤
I wouldn't be seen ~ with her.
我绝对不要和她在一起
副词
(无比较级、最高级)
1 (口语)
a. 完全地,全然
~ asleep
熟睡,酣睡
~ beat
精疲力尽; 惨败
~ broke
一文不名
~ drunk
烂醉
~ serious
一本正经,非常认真
~ slow
非常慢
~ tired
极疲倦
I am ~ sure.
我绝对有把握
b. 直直地; 正好地,刚好地
The station is ~ ahead.
车站就在前面
They were ~ against our trip.
他们完全反对我们的旅行
2 突然,急速地
stop ~
突然停止
名词
1 [the ~; 常用集合称; 当复数用] 死者
the ~ and the wounded
死伤者
the ~ and the living
死者与生存者
rise [raise] from the ~
复活 [使复活] ,苏醒 [使苏醒]
2 (U)如死般静悄悄的时候
at (the) ~ of night = in the ~ of night
在深夜
in the ~ of winter
在隆冬
death
death
[dZθ; dєθ]
《die,dead 的名词》
名词
1 a. 死,死亡; 死法,死状
(an) accidental ~
意外死亡
(a) natural ~
自然死亡,寿终正寝
die a violent ~
死于非命,横死,暴毙
fear ~
恐惧死亡
worse than ~
比死更糟 [苦] 的,坏极了
D~ comes to all.
所有的人都会死; 人皆有死
Accidental ~ is [Accidental ~s are] increasing.
意外死亡正在增加
b. (U)死亡的状态
lie still in ~
死后静止不动
(as) silent as ~
死一般地寂静
2 [D~]死神
3 [the ~] [事物等的] 毁灭,终止[of]
the ~ of one's hopes [plans]
希望[计画]的破灭 [落空]
4 [the ~][…的]死因,致命[of]
→ be the DEATH of?.
(as) pale as death
如死人一样苍白的
(as) sure as death
十分确定的[地]
at death's door
濒临死亡
be in at the death
(1) (猎狐时) 看到猎获物的死
(2) 看到 (事件等的) 终结
be the death of ?
(口语)
(1)要…的命,使…致死,使…丧命
Too much smoking will be the ~ of you.
抽烟过多会使你丧命
That lazy boy will be the ~ of his mother.
那个懒孩子会要了他母亲的命
(2) (可笑得) 使…笑死
He is so funny he'll be the ~ of me.
他滑稽得笑死我了
catch one's death (of cold)
(口语)患严重的感冒
do?to death
(1)(口语)反覆…多次而致生厌
This sort of story has been done to ~.
这类故事重覆得令人厌烦
(2)(罕)= put?to DEATH
feel like death (warmed up)
(口语)觉得累得要命; 觉得很不舒服
flog ? to death → flog
hang[hold]on like grim death
死不放手,死抓著
die
die
[daI; dai]
《源自拉丁文“靠运气得来之物”的意思》
名词
1 a. (C)骰子
The ~ is cast.
骰子已经掷出; 事已决定 [成定局] ,不能更改
(为古罗马的军人兼政治家凯撒 (Caesar) 在对政敌庞培 (Pompey) 战役中,向罗马进军而渡卢比孔河 (the Rubicon) 时所说的一句话; → Rubicon)
b. [dice] 掷骰子游戏,赌博
(
→ dice 1 b)
2 (C)切成小方块的东西
3 (C)
a. 印模,冲模; 打孔模型; 铸模
b.‘机械’螺丝模型
(切断螺栓的工具)
die
[daI; dai]
(dy.ing[`da \x19; 'daii\x19])
不及物动词
1 a. 死亡; 枯萎
~ for love [one's country]
殉情[国]
~ at one's post
殉职
~ in battle [an accident]
战死,阵亡 [死于意外事故]
~ in poverty
死于贫困中
His father ~d in 1990.
他的父亲于 1990 年逝世
The old man is dying.
那个老人正濒临死亡
The flowers have ~d.
那些花已枯萎
(cf. dead) ,
只有完成之意)
I thought I should [would] have ~d.
我 (当时) 以为我会死; 可笑 [好吃] 得要命
【同义字】
die 死亡
pass away[on]是 die 的委婉语
decease die 委婉语,也当法律用语
perish 因天灾人祸而死亡
b. [因…而]死 [of,from,by,through]
Mr. Black ~d of pneumonia today in. ( (
美)the) hospital.布拉克先生因肺炎今天死于医院
He ~d (of) laughing.
他捧腹大笑
He ~d from overwork.
他死于工作过劳
He ~d by violence [through neglect].
他横死 [因疏忽而死]
He ~d by his own hand.
他自杀而死
c. 死
He was born poor and ~d poor [but ~d rich].
他生时贫穷,死时也贫穷 [但死时富有]
She ~d young.
她早死
He ~d a beggar.
他乞讨而死 [他死时为乞丐]
2 熄灭; 消失; 变微弱
This memory will never ~.
这个记忆将永不消失
Don't let the fire ~.
不要使火熄灭
The secret ~d with him.
该秘密与他同逝 [他守密至死]
3 [常 be dying] (口语)
a. 很想要[…],渴望,盼望[for]
I'm dying for a drink.
我很想喝一杯
b. 很想,渴望
She is dying to go on the stage.
她渴望成为演员
及物动词
[同源受词的 death 与修饰语连用] 死得像…,死为…
He ~d the death of a hero [~d a glorious death].
他死得像个英雄 [他死得光荣]
die away
逐渐平息,渐渐消失
die back
从枝头枯萎
(但根部仍活著)
die down
(1) 逐渐消失; 静下来; 变弱,渐微
The noisy conversation gradually ~d down.
嘈杂的交谈声逐渐静下来
(2) = DIE back
die hard
(1) 难断气
(2) 不易根绝
die in one's bed→ bed
die in one's boots[shoes]
= die with one's boots[shoes]on横死,猝死,暴毙
die off
死绝; 相继死去; 顺次枯死
The buds are dying off.
那些幼芽相继枯死
die out
(1) (一个一个地) 死绝
(2) 逐渐废除
(3) 消失
(4)熄灭
Never say die!
别说丧气话; 别灰心; 不要悲观
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可以把动词分成两种:及物动词与不及物动词.
及物动词: 又称“他动词”.又称“外动词”.动词的一种.它所表示的动作常涉及动作者以外的事物,如“吃”、“穿”、“读”、“写”等.字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词.及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),并且可直接跟宾语.
如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.
其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也不可直接加宾语,需加上介词.
及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语.实际上很多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词.我举一个例子,就说write.如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词,在后一个句子write是及物动词.又如,see是及物动词,但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing.
不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语.
例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth.(不能说跑什么东西)
分清及物不及物动词:
分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题.动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况:
a.主要用作及物动词.及物动词后面必须跟宾语.可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构.如:
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.
b.主要用作不及物的动词.不及物动词后面不跟宾语.只能用于:"主+谓"结构.
This is the room where I once lived.
类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.
c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变.如begin 都是作"开始"讲.everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有:start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.
d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同.
这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义.如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是"升高;举起".
He lifted his glass and drank.
类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植
play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅
ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)
hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作
在英语错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种.所谓及物动词,就是谓语动词(predicative verb),不必通过介词引荐宾语.相反的,不及物动词(intransitive verb)是不带宾语的.有许多动词,虽然性质是及物的,但不一定要有宾语,如下列的①a和②a便是这种情形:
①a. We study every day.
b. Do you study English every day.
②a. Please write clearly next time.
b. Can you write your composition now?
如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行(不及物动词+宾语+介词),如③b和④b;③a和④a是错的;
*③a. The children are listening the music.
b. The children are listening to the music.
*④a. She is laughing the crippled man.
b. She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:
“We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”
“Awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“waiting for”也行.
许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语.最常见的是“emphasize/stress on/upon”和“discuss about”,如:
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.
⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的.
下面是些类似的错误:
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对.
为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质.其次,就是对同一个动词及其名词的句型有些混淆.解决之道有二.第一,要把“及物动词+宾语”和“不及物动词+介词+宾语”划分清楚,如:
 I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
 He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物动词转化为名词,然后加上适当的介词和宾语,如:
 Don't approach such a person.
 Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?