英语翻译Another example of the same kind of phenomenon occurs in

英语翻译
Another example of the same kind of phenomenon occurs in the plurals of English nouns.Consider the words cat,cats,dog and dogs.A native English speaker explaining how plurals are formed is likely to say something like "you add an s sound to the end." Careful listening will show that cats is indeed pronounced with a s sound,but dogs is not:it ends with a z sound.Yet as with my previous example,English speakers don't normally notice this difference.Again it isn't because they can't distinguish between s and z since Sue and zoo or hiss and his differ only in their s and z sounds.
The conclusion is that the sounds that native speakers 'hear' are not the sounds they make.This is important in both speech synthesis and speech recognition.When generating speech from written text,a synthesizer must not turn every n or s into an n or s sound,but must use more complex rules which mimic the native speaker.Similarly a speech recognition system must recognize the sounds in rum and run as distinct,but must NOT decide that imput and input are different words.
Even more awkward is the fact that this behaviour operates across word boundaries.Try saying these sentences quickly and in an 'informal' style:
When playing football,watch the referee.When talking about other people,watch who's listening.When catching a hard ball,wear gloves.
You'll find (at least if you speak the same dialect of English as me) that you say whem,when and wheN respectively.This means that
a speech synthesis system will not sound right if it simply uses pre-recordedwords,since how these are pronounced changes depending on neighbouring words
a speech recognition system must treat the three pronunciations of when as the same while distinguishing between the same sounds in rum,run and rung.
Even this example doesn't capture all the complexities.A native speaker of American English pronounces the t and d in the words write,writer,ride,rider differently from a native speaker of English English.If we ignore the very slightly different pronunciation of the d,the words will be pronounced roughly as write,wrider,ride and rider.That is,write and ride are clearly distinguishable whereas writer and rider are pronounced EXACTLY the same.Yet a native speaker of this dialect doesn't 'hear' this.The actual sounds used in the sentence I'm a writer and I write books will be something like I'm a rider and I write books but will cause no confusion whatsoever; a listener who is used to this dialect will hear writer not rider.
Conclusion:TO RECOGNIZE WORDS CORRECTLY REQUIRES SIMULTANEOUS PROCESSING OF SOUND,GRAMMAR AND MEANING.

英文单词的复数形式可以说是这类现象的另一个例子.请思考猫儿,猫儿们；狗儿,狗儿们（这两对词）.一位以英文为母语的人在解释复数形式的时候可能会说：“你就在词后面加个s音（就行了）”.如果注意听的话就会发现,猫儿（cat）的复数音的确是发为s,可是狗（dog）不是,它以z音结尾.虽然与我之前的例子一样,英文母语者通常都不会注意到这点不同.这再一次不是因为他们无法辨别s和z音的区别,因为Sue和zoo,hiss和his里的s和z也是只有s和z音部分不同而已,（可他们分的清清楚楚）.
结论就是通常对于说母语的人来讲,他们‘听到’的音并不是他们他们发出的音.这点对于语音合成和语音识别都是很重要的.当在从书写文字生成语音的时候,合成者不能把所有n和s变成n和s音,而要通过更复杂的规律去模仿人类说话.同样的,一个语音识别系统必须能够识别rum和run的不同,可是却不允许把imput和input认为是两个词.
更让人尴尬的事实是,这种特性甚至延伸到词与词之间.试着用‘非正式’的语气快速说以下几句话：When playing football, watch the referee.When talking about other people, watch who's listening.When catching a hard ball, wear gloves.
（起码如果你和我说同一种方言的话）,你会发现你会分别说出Whem, when, when. 这说明了语音合成系统如果纯粹用提前录好的单词是没法合成听起来自然的声音的,因为一个词的发音会取决于前后词的读音.
语音识别系统必须在能够处理When的三种读音的同时,还能够区别rum, run,和rung.
就连这个例子都没法表现所有的复杂情况.美国腔的人在发write,writer, ride, rider的t和d音德时候和英国腔的人不同.如果我们忽略这微小的发音差别,这些词能够勉强发音成是write, wrider, ride, rider. 也就是说ride和write可以被清楚识别,可是rider和writer就变成发音一模一样.虽然用这些方言腔调的人完全没有‘听’出这点.在I’m a write and I write books这句话里的实际发音听起来像是：I’m a rider and I write books,但是却不会引起歧义,因为用这种方言的听众会自动将其听成writer,而不是rider.
结论：要想正确识别单词需要进行语音、语法、语义的模拟处理.
同学,您让给翻的咋越来越长咧!?不会还有part4吧!?有的话一次性发给我结了!- 已经快跟翻晕过去的龙音留