人口增长会引发什么问题,最好用英语回答,要有翻译!谢谢!

人口增长会引发什么问题,最好用英语回答,要有翻译!谢谢!

The influence of climate
Population growth, because the meeting is breathing, combustion, industrial development, make the atmosphere of SO2, NOX, increased CO2, causes acid rain and smog, greenhouse effect, chemical occur. For hundreds of years, global surface temperature increased 0.3 ~ 0.6 ℃. In the 1980s the hottest 10 years for this century, in 1988, the average increase in 1949 ~ 1979 than 0.34 ℃, rising sea levels, China rising 11.5 cm 14.4 cm, estimate by 2050 global years to average temperature is even higher than in recent decades 4.5 ℃, 1.5 ~ than the past century high 5 ℃ or so.
Three, to the urban environment influence
Currently the world average ratio of urban population, while developed countries 42.2% proportion of urban population in 1990, 79% urban population accounts for about 3 million people, 26.2%, 1982 ~ 1990 every year by 4.35% speed increases, higher than 49 ~ 81 years increasing speed, 2000 3.99% proportion of urban population, 35.7%.
Population urbanization is the inevitable result of social development rules, but as the population of weld, lead to the end of 1990s, housing crowded (our country town WuFangHu, total more than 800 million households bentley, in 1988, statistics, the national average 2m2 above a living area in TeKunHu still 55 million households). 2002 to statistics, China's urban residents living area $21.3 m2 on average. Traffic jams, is the city another big problem, according to statistics world 295 a city bus speed bottom first, Beijing, tianjin, second, every Chinese cities has been declining and water speed nervous and environmental pollution (atmosphere, noise, rubbish, health, the green). Investigate its reason, all of the population expansion, caused by dense urban population.
Second, the grain problem, land problem
With the increase of population, human demand for food was also increasing. According to the international food policy research institute, and now the world food growth calculate the speed of population growth not. 1985 years population growth rate unchanged, the shortage of 100 million tons of grain annually and 500 tons of protein, there will be more countries people had to in the state of hunger and malnutrition.
One of the reasons causing food shortages in the world's arable land area is finite, and uneven distribution, one of the most fertile and facilitate farming land reclamation, and the rest are already require a large investment if reclamation. Actually each country the number of cultivated land per capita possession is very average. Many countries and area is almost no expand cultivated land may. Some areas even need reforestation, HaiMu. As the population growth and industry, the city, the increasing traffic covers an area of cultivated land area, make shrinking. Although people can also through reform farming technology, and to increase agricultural investment and measures to improve yield per unit of area, make food obtain higher harvest, but there is a limit to the current food production. The fundamental measures is to control population growth.
China's per capita possession little arable land, together with the excessively rapid population growth and the land is less and less, the contradiction between human and increasingly acute. The cultivated land area per capita in 1953, each for 0.18 hectares average hectares of farmland, at present our country feed 5.5 born every year more than 15 million population, and cultivated land area per year due to industrial, cities, traffic covers and reduce 40 ~ 50 million hectares of cultivated land per capita, so that cause inadequate 0.1 hectare. Every hectares of farmland to support an average person. 9.8 By the year 2050, every hectares of farmland around to support 12 people. Zhejiang insufficient 0.05 hectares, cultivated land per capita in fujian only 0.04 hectares.
By the year 2050, China's population reached 1.64 billion, and cultivated land area is down to 73 million hectares (by current 9600 thousand hectares), press 16 billion in per capita consumption of food 600kg calculation, our country should 9.84 million tons of grain per hectare, need to 1.35 tons, but the grain production grain yield per hectare supreme year (1984) only 3.6 k/ha, now need to increase grain yield per hectare than 2.7 times. Achieving this target is very difficult, only control population growth is the only way out.
Three, energy and resources
Natural resource depletion problem refers to the nonrenewable resources, including mineral, fossil fuel (coal, oil, natural gas, etc.).
World energy consumption rate increases rapidly, at present consumption is the largest oil, coal and other fossil energy, oil years total energy consumption accounted for more than 38% of, developed countries, such as Japan petroleum, natural gas consumption of the amount of total energy, coal accounts for only grow 65.8 percent U.S. oil and natural gas 18.8%, consumed per cent of the total amount of hkcee, coal 29.3%, but our country mainly based on coal consumption characteristics of coal consumption, 1990 75.06%, oil, gas accounted for only 19.4%.
Mineral resources: our country, but the amount per abundant supply, less than the world average less half done. But the huge population quantity of the mineral resources in China, has made the demand of mineral consumption per capita permitted's low, become a resource consumption power. Ore mining quantity each year, 50 million tons annual per capita 5 tons. The total amount of mining than the United States. Not only causes the tension, and resources from serious ecological environment induced. Many minerals and processing products and be used to meet the needs of new population.
对气候的影响
人口增长,会因呼吸、燃烧、工业发展等使排入大气的CO2、NOX、SO2增加,引起酸雨和光化学烟雾、温室效应等发生.近百年来,全球地面气温增加0.3~0.6℃.80年代为本世纪最热的10年,1988年平均比1949~1979年增加0.34℃,海平面上升14.4cm,我国上升11.5cm,估计到2030~2050年,全球年平均气温比近几十年还要高1.5~4.5℃,将比过去一个世纪高5℃左右.
3、对城市环境的影响
目前世界平均城镇人口比例为42.2%,而发达国家城镇人口比例为79%,我国1990年城镇人口占26.2%,约3亿人,1982~1990年间每年以4.35%的速度递增,高于49~81年的3.99%递增速度,2000年,我国城市人口比例达35.7%.
人口城镇化是社会发展的必然规律,但由于人口过分集中,导致住房拥挤(90年底,我国城镇共有无房户、困难户800多万户,1988年统计,全国人均居住面积在2m2以上一特困户尚有55万户).2002年统计,我国城市居民平均居住面积21.3m2.交通堵塞,是城市的另一大难题,据统计世界295个城市公共汽车行驶速度,天津倒数第一,北京第二,我国各大城市速度逐年下降,水源紧张、环境污染(大气、噪声、垃圾、卫生、绿地).究其原因,均为人口膨胀,市区人口过密所造成的.
二、粮食问题、土地问题
随着人口的增加,人类对粮食的需求量也日益增加.据美国国际粮食政策研究所推算,现在世界粮食增长赶不上人口增长的速度.1985年后人口增长速度未变,则每年将短缺1亿吨粮食和5000万吨蛋白质,将会有更多国家人民不得不处于饥饿和营养不良的状态.
造成粮食短缺的一个原因是世界上可耕地面积有限,而且分布不均,其中最肥沃而又便于耕种的土地均已开垦,剩下的若开垦则需要大量投资.实际上各个国家人均占有耕地的数量是极不平均的.许多国家和地区几乎没有扩大耕地的可能.有些地区甚至还需要退耕还林、还牧.随着人口的增长和工业、城市、交通占地的不断增加,使耕地面积不断缩小.虽然人们还可以通过改革耕作技术和增加农业投资等措施来提高单位面积产量,使粮食获得较高的收获,但目前粮食增产是有限度的.最根本的措施是控制人口的增长.
中国人均占有耕地少,加之人口增长过快,人均耕地面积越来越少,人地矛盾日趋尖锐.1953年全国人均耕地面积为0.18公顷,每公顷耕地平均养活5.5人,目前我国每年出生人口1500多万人,而耕地面积每年由于工业、城市、交通占地而减少40~50万公顷,以致造成人均耕地面积不足0.1公顷.每公顷耕地平均需要养活9.8人.预计到2050年,每公顷耕地需养活12人左右.浙江省人均耕地不足0.05公顷,福建省只有0.04公顷.
预计到2050年,我国人口达到16.4亿,而耕地面积则下降到7300万公顷(由目前的9600万公顷),按16亿人均年消费粮食600kg计算,我国共需粮食9.84亿吨,需每公顷产粮13.5吨,而目前粮食单产最高年份(1984年)只有3.6k/ha,比现在需要提高粮食单产2.7倍.达此指标是相当困难的,只有控制人口的增长才是唯一出路.
三、能源与资源的问题
自然资源的耗竭问题指的是不可更新资源,包括矿产、化石燃料(煤、石油、天然气等).
世界能源消耗速度迅速增加,目前消耗最多的是石油、煤炭等化石能源、石油年能源消耗量占总量中的38%,发达国家多,如日本石油、天然气消耗占总耗能额的65.8%,煤仅占18.8%,美国石油、天然气消耗额占总额的65.6%,煤占29.3%,而我国能耗特点是以煤为主,1990年煤耗占75.06%,石油、天然气仅占19.4%.
矿产资源：我国总量丰富,但人均占有量少,不足世界平均水平的一半.而庞大的人口数量对矿产资源需求,已使我国在允许的人均矿产消费很低的情况下,成为一个资源消费大国.每年矿石采掘量达50亿吨,年人均5吨.总量超过了美国的采掘量.不仅造成资源的紧张,而又诱发出严重的生态环境问题.很多矿产品和加工产品又被用来满足新增人口的需要.