帮忙找一篇关于“E1接口的应用”的英文论文!

帮忙找一篇关于“E1接口的应用”的英文论文!
要求:主要以PMC4351芯片的E1接口为主；
一定要期刊论文；
有摘要,正文,参考文献的格式.

The installation of the building, CLE (customer location equipment) for the provision of local ATM business ATM NTU (A-NTU), but also other operators of the ATM business interaction NTU (I-NTU). With the continued development of in-depth, ATM interactive NTU (network terminal) of low-cost properties has become increasingly obvious, it ATM service providers to meet the special requirements, and network operators-discontinued operations. It is a service provider, but installed in the customer buildings. In this regard, British Telecom (BT) to make a concrete first step, the British telecommunications company invited to join RAD Data Communications, established the concept of NTU and the development of dedicated ATM network terminal (NTU). British Telecom was targeted ATM network terminal (NTU), as its ATM multi-service platform an integral part.
BT's network terminals (NTU) method will soon be Europe and Asia, the major carriers of the adoption and implementation, including France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom, KPN, Japan Telecom, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (NTT), another Matav and Eircom . The third solution has been widely used, mainly because more and more customers for the quality of service (QoS) guarantee, but even more important on the premise that they are ready to bear the cost SLA.
CLE service providers must be able to provide all the services quality assurance, in addition, also offers other features, such as with business and concentrate on (ATM voice, ATM conversion Frame Relay, ATM Ethernet), and SNMP network management. Them as business operators and users of the boundaries between networks, will enable service providers to extend their management capabilities to the client buildings, perform all the duties of the quality of service, check the user - the consistency of the communication process. Through careful implementation of 1.610 operations, management and maintenance (OAM) support, these CLE enables operators to provide better services, while customers on how to more effectively use the ATM business and how the pricing of such business, such as the useful information. Cost-effective services through in-depth, powerful communication management and control can be realized.
Since the first set of CLE put into use, other NTU / CLE development according to market demand. At the beginning, the majority of customers are using high-speed (E3/155M) of the ATM link companies and government agencies. However, in recent years, the market has been moving in the direction of new development: small business use of ATM-based network services; non-traditional operators and Internet service provider (ISP) to develop and require owners of their own solutions; new technology (2.5G and 3 G mobile technology requiring additional bandwidth and completely different methods).
It is Mubuxiajie the face of the many new network technologies, network building, conducted by the Selection on the Internet it is very important, and the huge investment, involving a wide range of wide-area backbone network construction is needed
At present, in the face of a mature SDH and ATM technology, telecommunications firms building wide-area backbone network, the usual practice is: First, the use of fiber as a transmission medium, which is the inevitable choice of the second, the use of SDH technology connecting fiber Termination equipment, forming a distance can reach unlimited SDH fiber optic network; Third, the use of the Internet in various SDH transmission ATM switching equipment, build a data, voice, video and other multi-service capabilities of the ATM backbone network.
The arrival of the era of 3G operators is a tremendous challenge, 3 G due to the development of uncertainty, so building the network must be cost-effective and flexible network. 3G transmission network access part of a two distinct techniques: transmission and ATM, the traditional structure of their network is divided into two different network layer, although the network design simple, but not expensive complex network flexibility. In order to meet the demand, ECI by the innovative concept: the same platform integrated SDH and ATM, optimize the network so that the network economy more flexible, more scalable.
3G in the Node B and RNC through Iub interface connector, Iub interface is a complex agreement family, is based on ATM on the media, signaling, OAM, and so on, ATM link through the TDM transmission, with most Node B nodes Based on the part of ATM IMA 2 M or a few 2 M, and the RNC node is often more than 2 M or STM-1. Early 3 G standard definition of Node B and the RNC between TDM circuit by connecting the ATM layer, Node B and the RNC directly connected through the ATM link, no ATM switching, offers the following features: a. b. independent of the transport layer through the ATM IMA TDM links to a number of mechanisms defined as a logic circuit c. ATM statistical multiplexing. 3G standard definition version 4 of the ATM switching and QoS guarantees, ATM switching has two advantages: RNC can be STM-1 interface, the RNC has greatly reduced the cost of increased bandwidth utilization. ATM switches can guarantee bandwidth allocation, based on the peak and a constant rate of statistical multiplexing, based on the user's statistical multiplexing, thereby enhancing the utilization of network bandwidth.
Construction of 3G transmission network can be used two ways: 1. RNC node E1 TDM interface through the net and the SDH network nodes connected to Node B 2. RNC node is STM-1 interface, Node B node is E1 interface, ATM switches for E1 to STM-1 of convergence, ATM switches can be placed on RNC nodes, can also be placed in the transmission network in other locations. ATM switches in the 3 G transmission network is essential, but it is also expensive, addition, the installation of ATM switches not only increase the ATM equipment, also requires a large amount of PDH and SDH interface, Node B nodes gathered in a typical configuration of the channel STM 1 (52 E1) and local Node B node 20 E1. The total number of ATM E1 is 72, a channel of STM-1 is not enough, the need for convergence of ATM, TDM only if the convergence, the need for another STM-1, another STM-1 in only a 9 E1, waste is obvious. The ATM switches can be 72 ATM E1 compressed to a VC4 in, ATM switches need a STM-1 interface and 72 E1 interface, while SDH network also needs an additional STM-1 interface and 72 E1 interface, Is obviously a costly programme, is not suitable for 3 G transmission network applications.
IMA is sending a number of E1 ATM link the formation agreement, a number of links configured as a physical ATM link, can not affect business from top to bottom circuit, this is a very powerful features, but the IMA in the realization of the hardware level, so all the same IMA Group Links to the same interface card, but in fact many cases it is very difficult to IMA group assigned to the same interface cards, and the same group all the E1 IMA also must be dealt with the same ASIC chips. Such restrictions make it almost impossible for network planning, mobile operators if the E1 link assigned to the IMA group, unable to plan the future expansion, if the earlier expansion did not have a cushion, the future expansion of the IMA and its complexity and impact on business, if left Large margin, resulting in upfront investment is too large, a waste of the investment risk. ECI 3G transmission network solutions for mobile communications ECI has been an important strategic market for mobile 3 G transmission market on the demand for ATM business, ECI devoted to the solution in a single ECI XDM platform, integrated SDH and ATM functions, With very high price, flexibility and for 3 G's scalability. ECI XDM is the company specifically for mobile and metro network design MSTP platform supports a variety of TDM and pure light application, there is a core feature of the XDM is based entirely on the VC12 the entire cross-matrix, can guarantee that no arbitrary between E1 Restrictions on cross-links, ATM is very conducive to the application.
ECI's ATM card: ATS cards, and XDM is the cross-linked matrix, no physical interface itself, it is actually ATM switches, to support three types of ATM ports: 1.STM-1 in the VC4 or arbitrary high VC4-order virtual containers
2. E1 port physical interface or arbitrary in the E1 channel 3. E1 more than the IMA Group. ATM layer in any port between the ATM business can be arbitrary and unrestricted exchange. Afar through STM-1 to 52 E1, there are 20 local E1, using an external ATM switches of the way, ATM and SDH equipment and both sides should provide an STM-1 interface and 72 E1 interface, if the use of ATS The programme, cross-matrix STM-1 to the distance of 52 E1 and local-to 20 E1 card in the ATS, ATS cards to 72 E1 convergence to a VC4, then the cross-matrix cross-VC4 to STM - 1 port. At the same time to complete a single device SDH and ATM functions, is clearly more economical and more flexible. XDM's integrated SDH / ATM solutions more compact, flexible, and easy management of the economy. Will be integrated with ATM and SDH, greatly simplifying the hardware devices, when used both SDH and ATM equipment, devices need to connect cables, the use of integrated technology, connecting cables can be saved, ATS no physical interface card itself, so single - Card can support high-density interface 126 E1 (IMA support 84). ATM switches and not such a high density. Only an integrated programme management systems, and reduce operating costs, only a set of hardware, equipment covers an area of small, small power consumption, less connecting cables, etc., greatly reducing the operating costs. IMA group planning is a complex project, if only beginning to consider the needs of the current ATM E1, future expansion may have to change the cable connection, it is not, therefore, must stay out of E1 ports for future expansion, However, the uncertainty of future expansion is the kind of risk. XDM in the ATS card is the ideal solution, unlike the traditional ATM switches, ATS card can PDH different cards on the convergence to a different E1 IMA Group, in the traditional ATM switch programme, it is necessary to reserve some ATM E1 Interface to the future with expansion, and the ATS programme will have a new ATM E1 expansion XDM only need to connect to the PDH E1 interface, even if different PDH card on the ATM E1, XDM also able to cross to their destinations.
With XDM is a growing and building, payment platform, the XDM ATS is only a card, the Internet application is only to increase ATM card only increase the ATS, increased costs low, the network initial investment cost is very low And the future expansion of low cost, when the ATM business changes, the need to consider how much capacity allocation of ATM switches, simple to increase as long as a few pieces on a board ATS.
In order to reduce costs, 3 G network and must have the 2 G network sharing network resources. 2G TDM business in the standard TDM link in the transmission, XDM the complete low-end cross-matrix suitable for mobile networks, providing a flexible 2 G solutions, in the meantime, ATS cards to a number of Node B node ATM business IMA to the group gathered, 3 G of the IMA group and 2 G of the TDM business to share the same channel of STM-1 link, network management can be achieved through two network bandwidth allocation.
XDM ATS is the innovation of the design, integration of the two SDH and ATM technology, for 3 G transmission network, providing a powerful and economic solution. Both technologies enable the integration greatly reduce the cost of network and the network has great flexibility, suitable for network development trends and meet the increasing capacity of users and the increase in the number.
XDM ATS solution is not just the economic network solutions, but is also a fully scalable solutions, mobile operators today do not have to invest in the future is uncertain demand, while demand growth in the coming time, the existing network There is no limit to upgrade.