搜搜做题作业网关于评写《老人与海》的英文期刊有那些
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关于评写《老人与海》的英文期刊有那些
要英文的哦,
要英文的哦,
The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most enduring works.Told in language of great simplicity and power,it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman,down on his luck,and his supreme ordeal——a relentless,agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.Here Hemingway recasts,in strikingly contemporary style,the classic thene of courage in the face of defeat,of personal triumph won from los.Written in 1952,this hugely successfully novella confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature
The Old Man and the Sea is a novella by Ernest Hemingway written in Cuba in 1951 and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it centers upon an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.[1] It is noteworthy in twentieth century fiction, and reaffirms Hemingway's worldwide literary prominence and significant in his selection for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954
Background and publication
Most biographers maintain that the years following Hemingway's publication of For Whom the Bell Tolls in 1940 until 1952 were the bleakest in his literary career. The novel Across the River and Into the Trees (1950) was almost unanimously disparaged by critics as self-parody. Evidently his participation as an Allied correspondent in World War II did not yield fruits equivalent to those wrought of his experiences in World War I (A Farewell to Arms, 1929) or the Spanish Civil War (For Whom the Bell Tolls).
Hemingway had initially planned to use Santiago's story, which became The Old Man and the Sea, as part of a random intimacy between mother and son and also the fact of relationships that cover most of the book relate to the bible, which he referred to as "The Sea Book." Some aspects of it did appear in the posthumously published Islands in the Stream. Positive feedback he received for On the Blue Water (Esquire, April 1936) led him to rewrite it as an independent work. The book is a novella because it has no chapters or parts and is slightly longer than a short story. He also referred to the bible as the "Sea of Knowledge" and other such things.
The novel first appeared, in its 26,500-word entirety, as part of the September 1, 1952 edition of Life magazine. 5.3 million copies of that issue were sold within two days. The majority of concurrent criticism was positive, although some dissenting criticism has since emerged. The title was misprinted on the cover of an early edition as The Old Men and the Sea.
Inspiration for character
Gregorio Fuentes is one possible model for Hemingway's eponymous "Old Man."
Gregorio Fuentes is one possible model for Hemingway's eponymous "Old Man."
While Hemingway was living in Cuba beginning in 1940 with his third wife Martha Gellhorn, one of his favorite pastimes was to sail and fish in his boat, named the Pilar. General biographical consensus holds that the model for Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea was, at least in part, the Cuban fisherman Gregorio Fuentes.[3]
Fuentes, also known as Goyo to his friends, was born in 1897 on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, migrated to Cuba when he was six years old and met Hemingway there in 1928. In the 1930s, Hemingway hired him to look after his boat. During Hemingway's Cuban years a strong friendship formed between Hemingway and Fuentes. For almost thirty years, Fuentes served as the captain of the Pilar; this included time during which Hemingway did not live in Cuba.[3]
Fuentes at times would admit that the story was not exactly about him. He related that the true inspiration of the old man and the boy did exist but they never knew who they were. The story goes that in the late 1940's, upon return from an early morning fishing trip, Fuentes and Hemingway saw a small rowboat 10 miles out to sea. Hemingway asked Fuentes to approach the vessel to see if they needed help. Inside the boat was an old man and a boy. As the vessels closed in the old man began yelling at them with insults including telling them to go to the devil, indicating that they had scared away the fish. According to Fuentes, he and Hemingway looked at each other in surprise. Just the same, Hemingway asked Fuentes to lower them some food and drinks while the old man and boy glared at them. Without another word exchanged, the two boats parted ways. According to Fuentes, Hemingway began immediately to write in his notebook and later asked him to find the old man. According to Fuentes, he never was able to find the fisherman that had made such an impression on Hemingway. Fuentes recounts that this was the real origin of the lore. A few years after The Old Man and the Sea was published, residents of Cojimar believed that the old fisherman that Fuentes and Hemingway ran into at sea was a humble local fisherman they called el viejo Miguel; some described his physical appearance as a wiry Spencer Tracy.
Fuentes, suffering from cancer, died in 2002; he was 104 years old. Prior to his death, he donated Hemingway's Pilar to the Cuban government.[3]
Plot summary
The Old Man and the Sea recounts an epic battle between an old, experienced fisherman and a giant marlin said to be the largest catch of his life.
It opens by explaining that the fisherman, who is named Santiago (but only directly referred to outside of dialogue as "the old man"), has gone 84 days without catching any fish at all. He is apparently so unlucky that his young apprentice, Manolin, has been forbidden by his parents to sail with the old man and been ordered to fish with more successful fishermen. Still dedicated to the old man, however, the boy visits Santiago's shack each night, hauling back his fishing gear, feeding him, and discussing American baseball—most notably Santiago's idol, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago tells Manolin that on the next day, he will venture far out into the Gulf to fish, confident that his unlucky streak is near its end.
Thus on the eighty-fifth day, Santiago sets out alone, taking his skiff far into the Gulf. He sets his lines and, by noon of the first day, a big fish that he is sure is a marlin takes his bait. Unable to pull in the great marlin, Santiago instead finds the fish pulling his skiff. Two days and two nights pass in this manner, during which the old man bears the tension of the line with his body. Though he is wounded by the struggle and in pain, Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary, often referring to him as a brother.
On the third day of the ordeal, the fish begins to circle the skiff, indicating his tiredness to the old man. Santiago, now completely worn out and almost in delirium, uses all the strength he had left in him to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin with a harpoon, thereby ending the long battle between the old man and the tenacious fish.
Santiago straps the marlin to his skiff and heads home, thinking about the high price the fish will bring him at the market and how many people he will feed. However, the old man determines that because of the fish's great dignity, no one will be worthy of eating the marlin.
While Santiago continues his journey back to the shore, sharks are attracted to the trail of blood left by the marlin in the water. The first, a great mako shark, Santiago kills with his harpoon, losing that weapon in the process. He makes a new harpoon by strapping his knife to the end of an oar to help ward off the next line of sharks; in total, five sharks are slain and many others are driven away. But by night, the sharks have devoured the marlin's entire carcass, leaving only its skeleton. The old man castigates himself for sacrificing the marlin. Finally reaching the shore before dawn on the next day, he struggles on the way to his shack, carrying the heavy mast on his shoulder. Once home, he slumps onto his bed and enters a very deep sleep.
Ignorant of the old man's journey, a group of fishermen gathers the next day around the boat where the fish's skeleton is still attached. Tourists at the nearby café mistakenly take it for a shark. Manolin, worried during the old man's endeavor, cries upon finding him safe asleep. The boy brings him newspapers and coffee. When the old man wakes, they promise to fish together once again. Upon his return to sleep, Santiago dreams of lions on the African beach.
英文期刊/电视/杂志
[hide]
v • d • e
Works by Ernest Hemingway
Novels:
The Torrents of Spring (1926) · The Sun Also Rises (¡Fiesta!) (1926) · A Farewell to Arms (1929) · To Have and Have Not (1937) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) · Across the River and into the Trees (1950) · The Old Man and the Sea (1952) · Islands in the Stream (1970) · The Garden of Eden (1986) · Under Kilimanjaro (2005)
Short stories:
"Big Two-Hearted River" (1924) • "Soldier's Home" (1925) • "Cat in the Rain" (1925) • "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" (1926) • "Hills Like White Elephants" (1927) • "The Killers" (1927) • "The Undefeated" (1927) • "A Day's Wait" (1933) • "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" (1936) • "The Capital of the World" (1936) • "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" (1936) • "The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio" (?) • "Adventures of a Young Man" (?)
Short story collections:
Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) · In Our Time (1925) · Men Without Women (1927) · Winner Take Nothing (1933) · The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1936) · The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938) · The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War (1969) · The Nick Adams Stories (1972) · The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (1987) · The Collected Stories (1995) · The Essential Hemingway (?) · The Hemingway Reader (?)
Plays:
A Short Happy Life (1961) · The Hemingway Hero (1967)
Non-fiction:
Death in the Afternoon (1932) · Green Hills of Africa (1935) · Hemingway, The Wild Years (1962) · A Moveable Feast (1964) · By-Line: Ernest Hemingway (1967) · Ernest Hemingway: Cub Reporter (1970) · Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917–1961 (1981) · The Dangerous Summer (1985) · Dateline: Toronto (1985) · True at First Light (1999 memoir)
Film adaptations:
A Farewell to Arms (1932) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) · To Have and Have Not (1944) · The Killers (1946) · The Macomber Affair (1947) · The Breaking Point (1950) · The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952) · The Sun Also Rises (1957) · A Farewell to Arms (1957) · The Old Man and the Sea (1958) · Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962) · The Killers (1964) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1965) · A Farewell to Arms (1977) · The Sun Also Rises (1984) · In Love and War (1996) · The Old Man and the Sea (1999)
TV adaptations:
A Farewell to Arms (1990)
The Old Man and the Sea is one of Hemingway's most enduring works.Told in language of great simplicity and power,it is the story of an old Cuban fisherman,down on his luck,and his supreme ordeal——a relentless,agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.Here Hemingway recasts,in strikingly contemporary style,the classic thene of courage in the face of defeat,of personal triumph won from los.Written in 1952,this hugely successfully novella confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature
The Old Man and the Sea is a novella by Ernest Hemingway written in Cuba in 1951 and published in 1952. It was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and published in his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it centers upon an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.[1] It is noteworthy in twentieth century fiction, and reaffirms Hemingway's worldwide literary prominence and significant in his selection for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954
Background and publication
Most biographers maintain that the years following Hemingway's publication of For Whom the Bell Tolls in 1940 until 1952 were the bleakest in his literary career. The novel Across the River and Into the Trees (1950) was almost unanimously disparaged by critics as self-parody. Evidently his participation as an Allied correspondent in World War II did not yield fruits equivalent to those wrought of his experiences in World War I (A Farewell to Arms, 1929) or the Spanish Civil War (For Whom the Bell Tolls).
Hemingway had initially planned to use Santiago's story, which became The Old Man and the Sea, as part of a random intimacy between mother and son and also the fact of relationships that cover most of the book relate to the bible, which he referred to as "The Sea Book." Some aspects of it did appear in the posthumously published Islands in the Stream. Positive feedback he received for On the Blue Water (Esquire, April 1936) led him to rewrite it as an independent work. The book is a novella because it has no chapters or parts and is slightly longer than a short story. He also referred to the bible as the "Sea of Knowledge" and other such things.
The novel first appeared, in its 26,500-word entirety, as part of the September 1, 1952 edition of Life magazine. 5.3 million copies of that issue were sold within two days. The majority of concurrent criticism was positive, although some dissenting criticism has since emerged. The title was misprinted on the cover of an early edition as The Old Men and the Sea.
Inspiration for character
Gregorio Fuentes is one possible model for Hemingway's eponymous "Old Man."
Gregorio Fuentes is one possible model for Hemingway's eponymous "Old Man."
While Hemingway was living in Cuba beginning in 1940 with his third wife Martha Gellhorn, one of his favorite pastimes was to sail and fish in his boat, named the Pilar. General biographical consensus holds that the model for Santiago in The Old Man and the Sea was, at least in part, the Cuban fisherman Gregorio Fuentes.[3]
Fuentes, also known as Goyo to his friends, was born in 1897 on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, migrated to Cuba when he was six years old and met Hemingway there in 1928. In the 1930s, Hemingway hired him to look after his boat. During Hemingway's Cuban years a strong friendship formed between Hemingway and Fuentes. For almost thirty years, Fuentes served as the captain of the Pilar; this included time during which Hemingway did not live in Cuba.[3]
Fuentes at times would admit that the story was not exactly about him. He related that the true inspiration of the old man and the boy did exist but they never knew who they were. The story goes that in the late 1940's, upon return from an early morning fishing trip, Fuentes and Hemingway saw a small rowboat 10 miles out to sea. Hemingway asked Fuentes to approach the vessel to see if they needed help. Inside the boat was an old man and a boy. As the vessels closed in the old man began yelling at them with insults including telling them to go to the devil, indicating that they had scared away the fish. According to Fuentes, he and Hemingway looked at each other in surprise. Just the same, Hemingway asked Fuentes to lower them some food and drinks while the old man and boy glared at them. Without another word exchanged, the two boats parted ways. According to Fuentes, Hemingway began immediately to write in his notebook and later asked him to find the old man. According to Fuentes, he never was able to find the fisherman that had made such an impression on Hemingway. Fuentes recounts that this was the real origin of the lore. A few years after The Old Man and the Sea was published, residents of Cojimar believed that the old fisherman that Fuentes and Hemingway ran into at sea was a humble local fisherman they called el viejo Miguel; some described his physical appearance as a wiry Spencer Tracy.
Fuentes, suffering from cancer, died in 2002; he was 104 years old. Prior to his death, he donated Hemingway's Pilar to the Cuban government.[3]
Plot summary
The Old Man and the Sea recounts an epic battle between an old, experienced fisherman and a giant marlin said to be the largest catch of his life.
It opens by explaining that the fisherman, who is named Santiago (but only directly referred to outside of dialogue as "the old man"), has gone 84 days without catching any fish at all. He is apparently so unlucky that his young apprentice, Manolin, has been forbidden by his parents to sail with the old man and been ordered to fish with more successful fishermen. Still dedicated to the old man, however, the boy visits Santiago's shack each night, hauling back his fishing gear, feeding him, and discussing American baseball—most notably Santiago's idol, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago tells Manolin that on the next day, he will venture far out into the Gulf to fish, confident that his unlucky streak is near its end.
Thus on the eighty-fifth day, Santiago sets out alone, taking his skiff far into the Gulf. He sets his lines and, by noon of the first day, a big fish that he is sure is a marlin takes his bait. Unable to pull in the great marlin, Santiago instead finds the fish pulling his skiff. Two days and two nights pass in this manner, during which the old man bears the tension of the line with his body. Though he is wounded by the struggle and in pain, Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary, often referring to him as a brother.
On the third day of the ordeal, the fish begins to circle the skiff, indicating his tiredness to the old man. Santiago, now completely worn out and almost in delirium, uses all the strength he had left in him to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin with a harpoon, thereby ending the long battle between the old man and the tenacious fish.
Santiago straps the marlin to his skiff and heads home, thinking about the high price the fish will bring him at the market and how many people he will feed. However, the old man determines that because of the fish's great dignity, no one will be worthy of eating the marlin.
While Santiago continues his journey back to the shore, sharks are attracted to the trail of blood left by the marlin in the water. The first, a great mako shark, Santiago kills with his harpoon, losing that weapon in the process. He makes a new harpoon by strapping his knife to the end of an oar to help ward off the next line of sharks; in total, five sharks are slain and many others are driven away. But by night, the sharks have devoured the marlin's entire carcass, leaving only its skeleton. The old man castigates himself for sacrificing the marlin. Finally reaching the shore before dawn on the next day, he struggles on the way to his shack, carrying the heavy mast on his shoulder. Once home, he slumps onto his bed and enters a very deep sleep.
Ignorant of the old man's journey, a group of fishermen gathers the next day around the boat where the fish's skeleton is still attached. Tourists at the nearby café mistakenly take it for a shark. Manolin, worried during the old man's endeavor, cries upon finding him safe asleep. The boy brings him newspapers and coffee. When the old man wakes, they promise to fish together once again. Upon his return to sleep, Santiago dreams of lions on the African beach.
英文期刊/电视/杂志
[hide]
v • d • e
Works by Ernest Hemingway
Novels:
The Torrents of Spring (1926) · The Sun Also Rises (¡Fiesta!) (1926) · A Farewell to Arms (1929) · To Have and Have Not (1937) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940) · Across the River and into the Trees (1950) · The Old Man and the Sea (1952) · Islands in the Stream (1970) · The Garden of Eden (1986) · Under Kilimanjaro (2005)
Short stories:
"Big Two-Hearted River" (1924) • "Soldier's Home" (1925) • "Cat in the Rain" (1925) • "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" (1926) • "Hills Like White Elephants" (1927) • "The Killers" (1927) • "The Undefeated" (1927) • "A Day's Wait" (1933) • "The Snows of Kilimanjaro" (1936) • "The Capital of the World" (1936) • "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" (1936) • "The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio" (?) • "Adventures of a Young Man" (?)
Short story collections:
Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923) · In Our Time (1925) · Men Without Women (1927) · Winner Take Nothing (1933) · The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1936) · The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938) · The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War (1969) · The Nick Adams Stories (1972) · The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (1987) · The Collected Stories (1995) · The Essential Hemingway (?) · The Hemingway Reader (?)
Plays:
A Short Happy Life (1961) · The Hemingway Hero (1967)
Non-fiction:
Death in the Afternoon (1932) · Green Hills of Africa (1935) · Hemingway, The Wild Years (1962) · A Moveable Feast (1964) · By-Line: Ernest Hemingway (1967) · Ernest Hemingway: Cub Reporter (1970) · Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917–1961 (1981) · The Dangerous Summer (1985) · Dateline: Toronto (1985) · True at First Light (1999 memoir)
Film adaptations:
A Farewell to Arms (1932) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1943) · To Have and Have Not (1944) · The Killers (1946) · The Macomber Affair (1947) · The Breaking Point (1950) · The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952) · The Sun Also Rises (1957) · A Farewell to Arms (1957) · The Old Man and the Sea (1958) · Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962) · The Killers (1964) · For Whom the Bell Tolls (1965) · A Farewell to Arms (1977) · The Sun Also Rises (1984) · In Love and War (1996) · The Old Man and the Sea (1999)
TV adaptations:
A Farewell to Arms (1990)