英语翻译The individual who confronts a fiscal situation in the r

英语翻译
The individual who confronts a fiscal situation in the role of a taxpayer cannot,of course,be placed in a wholly similar position.The nature of the public good and,derivative from this in part,the nature of the political process make his position inherently different in the two cases.Under the initial model of invariant tax-price,however,several characteristics of the market-choice situation remain.We have specified that the individual considers the imposition of a new tax.Action must be initiated by the group before benefits are available to any member of the group.The single individual cannot,of course,initiate action on his own.But he can behave,in collective choosing processes,on the basis of a more or less well defined preference scale.As a second characteristic,we specified that the institution involves the financing of a single and specifically designated public good or service,not a whole budgetary bundle.作The taxpayer chooses on the knowledge that there exists a one-to-one correspondence between some general community decision to raise the tax revenues and the supplying of the good or service to the whole community.Again,of course,it is impossible to secure a personal or individualized one-to-one correspondence in the market sense.The individual can never be assured that his own agreement to pay taxes will secure additional quantities of the public good.At best,he knows only that,if his preferences coincide with a sufficient number of his fellow citizens (the precise number and form of agreement being determined by the rules for group decision-making) ,his tax payment will be accompanied by an increase in the supply of the public good.
The third characteristic of this initial tax institution is the current enjoyment of benefits from the good or service.Both in private market processes and in political processes current payments may be utilized to purchase goods that yield services,and are thus “ consumed,” in future as well as current periods of time.Conversely,current payments may be necessary to cover costs of services consumed in past periods.This temporal restriction is imposed largely for simplification purposes.

人面对着一个财政状况纳税人的角色,当然 就不能被放置在一个完全类似的立场.公 共利益的性质,从这部分衍生的性质使他的 位置的政治过程本质上不同的两种情况 下.根据初始模型的不变量税收价格,然而,几个特征的市场选择情况依然.我们已经 指定的,个人认为征收新税.行动必须由集 团利益之前都可以用于任何组的成员.单 一个体不能,当然,发起行动在他自己的.但 他能表现,在集体选择过程的基础上,一个或 多或少的定义良好的偏好量表.作为第二 特性,我们指定的机构包括融资的单一和专 门指定的公众