非谓语动词to do 和 v-ing之间用法

非谓语动词to do 和 v-ing之间用法
回答通俗简洁,即知即用（单选）.他们的主语和状语的用法.

非谓语动词在句子中,不能作谓语而是担当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb),也叫非限定动词.非谓语动词包括动词不定式(the Infinitive)、分词(the Participle)(现在分词和过去分词)和动名词(the Gerund).现在分词和动名词都可以用V-ing形式表示,过去分词用 V-ed表示.一、 动词不定式1.作主语动词不定式作主语,通常表示一次性的、具体的动作,有时也可表示抽象的或泛指的动作.口语中,常用it作形式主语.但若句中表语也是动词不定式时,则不能用it作形式主语.To swim with John was very enjoyable.It would be best to tell him the truth.To see is to believe.2.作宾语能直接接不定式作宾语的动词有：offer,learn,ask,agree,help,prepare,hope,decide,choose,refuse,manage,expect,pretend,promise等.动词+疑问词+不定式.这类动词有：decide,find out,forget,know,learn,remember,see,think,understand,wonder等.I don’t know what to do next.I haven’t decided where to go on holiday.不定式作介词的宾语.介词except(but)之后接不定式时,如果介词前有实义动词do或do的变形时,则except(but)后接不带to的不定式,反之则不定式要带to.I have no choice but to wait.I have nothing to do except to sleep.有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词,但含义不同.后接动词不定式后接动名词forget忘记去做某事忘记做过某事regret对将做的事表示遗憾对做的事表示后悔try尽力做某事试着做某事go on继续做另一件事继续做同一件事remember记着要去做某事记得做过某事stop停下来去做另一件事停下正在做的事mean打算做某事意味着做某事3.作表语不定式常用在系动词后作表语,这些词是be,seem,appear,get,remain等.My job is to help the patient.4.作定语动词不定式作定语往往后置,且与被修饰的词之间存在动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系或仅为修饰关系.若动词不定式是不及物动词时,应在动词后加上适当的介词；若被修饰的词是place,time或way时,则通常省略不定式后的介词.Do you have anything to say for yourself?(动宾)He was the last one to leave the classroom.（主谓）I have no wish to quarrel with you.(同位)This is the best way to do that.（修饰）The girl has nothing to worry about.（about不要遗漏）Many children can’t find a place to play.（place后介词in或at通常省略）【注意】在某些谓语动词,如find,give,get,have,need,want等后作宾语的名词可用不定式修饰.They gave us a week to think the problem over.当名词用特定的定语,如first,last,next,only和形容词最高级修饰时,其后用不定式修饰.He’s the only person to know the truth.某些用不定式作宾语的动词转化为名词后,亻乃用不定式作定语,如agreement,attempt,decision,promise,wish,plan等.He must keep the promise to pay within a month.5.作状语动词不定式作状语主要表示目的、结果和原因.He woke up to find everyone gone.We laughed to hear the news.【注意】① in order to和so as to引导目的状语,但so as to不能置于句首.He spoke loudly so as to be heard.② too…to表示否定意义,但在与not,never,only,all,but连用或too后形容词是anxious,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprising,willing,late等时,则表示肯定意义.It’s never too late to learn.③ 动词不定式与only连用时,可表示出乎意料的结果.He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left.6.作宾语补足语1) 有些动词可接带to的不定式作宾语补足语,这类动词有：warn,remind,ask,allow,permit,order,tell,advise,wish,invite,encourage,persuade等.Mr.Smith warned his daughter never to drive after drinking.Please remind me to post the letter this afternoon.2) 动词see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,observe,feel,make,let,have后使用省略to的不定式作宾补,但当我们把它由主动语态变为被动语态时do要变为to do,此时的不定式就是主语补足语了.The boss made the workers work ten hours a day.→The workers were made to work ten hours a day.